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North Caldwell is a borough in northwestern Essex County, New Jersey, United States, and a suburb of New York City. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 6,183,〔〔〔 reflecting a decline of 1,192 (-16.2%) from the 7,375 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 669 (+10.0%) from the 6,706 counted in the 1990 Census.〔(Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed July 5, 2012.〕 North Caldwell was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 31, 1898, from portions of Caldwell Township (now known as Fairfield Township).〔Snyder, John P. (''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 130. Accessed July 6, 2012.〕 In 1982, the borough was one of four Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become a township, joining 11 municipalities that had already made the change. Ultimately more than a dozen Essex County municipalities reclassified themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.〔("Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification" ), p. 73. New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government, 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.〕〔("Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments" ), Government Accountability Office, April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980).... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."〕〔Narvaez, Alfonso A. ("New Jersey Journal" ), ''The New York Times'', December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."〕〔Karcher, Alan J. (''New Jersey's Multiple Municipal Madness'' ), pp. 119-120. Rutgers University Press, 1998. ISBN 9780813525662. Accessed September 24, 2015.〕 Effective January 1, 1992, it again became a borough.〔(Geographic Change Notes: New Jersey in 1990s ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 3, 2012.〕 The borough derives its name from Presbyterian minister James Caldwell.〔Hutchinson, Viola L. (''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names'' ), New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 10, 2015.〕〔Gannett, Henry. (''The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States'' ), p. 63. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed September 10, 2015.〕 ''New Jersey Monthly'' magazine ranked North Caldwell as its 10th best place to live in its 2010 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey, as well as the 3rd best place to live in its 2013 ranking.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Best Places to Live in New Jersey 2013 )〕〔("Best Places To Live - The Complete Top Towns List 1-100" ), ''New Jersey Monthly'', February 21, 2010. Accessed February 21, 2010.〕 The former Essex County Penitentiary, constructed in 1872 and last used as the Essex County Jail Annex in 2004, was sold to K. Hovnanian and has been redeveloped into an active adult community.〔http://www.khov.com/find-new-homes/new-jersey/north-caldwell/07006/four-seasons/k-hovnanians-four-seasons-at-north-caldwell〕 Since 1920, the inmates at the jail had been included in the borough's population statistics by the Census Bureau.〔Khavkine, Richard. ("Historians lament destruction of former penitentiary in North Caldwell" ), ''The Star-Ledger'', June 12, 2011. Accessed January 3, 2012. "Designed in the prevailing Italianate Victorian style and built in 1872 of locally quarried and crafted brownstone on a hill overlooking what is now the border of North Caldwell and Verona, the jail is making room for a different demographic — a housing development."〕 ==Geography== According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 3.016 square miles (7.811 km2), including 3.011 square miles (7.799 km2) of land and 0.005 square miles (0.012 km2) of water (0.15%).〔〔 The borough is bordered by Little Falls, Wayne, Fairfield Township, Cedar Grove, West Caldwell, Caldwell, Essex Fells and Verona.〔(Areas touching North Caldwell ), MapIt. Accessed December 23, 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「North Caldwell, New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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